On January 1, the Japan-UK Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) entered into force, enabling the United Kingdom to maintain most of the market access terms for agriculture that had been negotiated under the Japan-EU Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA). However, the United Kingdom lost access to 15 out of 25 preferential tariff-rate quotas (TRQs). For the 10 TRQs for which the United Kingdom retained access, a new mechanism was established whereby preferential tariffs rates will only be applied to the volume remaining after EU-27 imports have been subtracted.