This report provides the latest status of consumption, regulation, public perception, research, development, production, and use of agricultural biotechnology in Japan. Japan uses a science-based process for evaluating and granting approval for import and production of genetically engineered products. Japan is a major importer and consumer of crops derived from biotechnology, but domestic production remains extremely limited. Japan has finalized handling procedures and labeling requirements for genome edited food and agricultural products. This report now contains a chapter on microbial biotechnology.